Breau L, Camfield C, McGrath P, Finley GA. Chronic pain in people with an intellectual disability: under-recognized and under-treated? J Intellect Disabil Res 2010 54:240–5. 10.1001/archpedi.1 Search in Google Scholar The incidence of pain in children with severe cognitive impairments. Pain in Children and Adults with Developmental Disabilities. The epidemiology of pain in developmental disabilities. Informed consent: Consent was provided by all participants.Įthical approval: This project was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Research funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the CHARGE Syndrome Foundation, Central Michigan University’s Dissertation Support Grant, and the Ann Marie Quimper Award (Central Michigan University).Ĭonflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interests to report. While the NCCPC-R and PPP were found to identify pain future research should consider the development of a pain assessment individualized to pain behaviors present in CHARGE syndrome, given this population’s unique expression of pain. ConclusionsĮvidence exists that children with CHARGE experience pain. Similarly, for the PPP, the mean pain ratings were significantly greater than the mean ratings for no pain, with significance beyond the 0.05 level, t (51)=9.59, p=0.000, CI 95%.

For the NCCPC-R, the difference between these ratings was significant beyond the 0.05 level, t (40)=8.15, p=0.000, 95% CI. The NCCPC-R and PPP were found to identify pain when compared to baseline performance (no pain) with a large effect, d=1.3. There was a tendency for intensity of pain to increase for sources of pain that were of shorter duration. ResultsĪ moderate negative correlation between the mean intensity of pain and the mean duration of pain among individuals with CHARGE was found, ρ=−0.34.

Participants completed a pain questionnaire and the NCCPC-R and PPP twice, once for a baseline measure and second during a painful experience for their child. Parents of children with CHARGE were enrolled.

The objective was to conduct the first investigation to identify the frequency and intensity of pain experiences for individuals with CHARGE syndrome and to review the use of two established non-vocal pain assessments with children with CHARGE, the NCCPC-R (Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist-Revised) and the PPP (Pediatrics Pain Profile).

Charge syndrome and aggressive behavior